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 VAZ
- 1118 Lada 1118 Kalina is the five-door sedan, the model of the Kalina cars produced by AVTOVAZ. The modern, elegant appearance, a comfortable lounge, a good manageability - the necessary quality for the city car, which fully owns the new Lada Kalina. AVTOVAZ began to produce sedans of the family Lada Kalina in November 2004. All the family Lada Kalina cars VAZ 1118 according to the European classification refers to the top segment of class «B». Now in the Russian market for this class of vehicles was presented by only foreign cars, and the output of the machines of this class of its own production previously absent altogether. In Soviet times to fill the niche of Lada Kalina, VAZ 1118 were to cars of a class «In» Tavria. But after the collapse of the USSR the issue of the Zaporozhye automobile plant has considerably decreased, and customs barriers have not allowed the Ukrainian car makers stay on the Russian market. The family of cars Lada Kalina are planned to be made in three variants - five-door hatchback, sedan and a station wagon. In the new form is presented of the interior of Lada Kalina, VAZ 1118. Modern design, applied new finishing materials create comfortable conditions for the placement of the driver and passengers. In the cabin is spacious, with both front and rear: the man 185 cm easily sits, not backing knees back of the front seat. Large glazing area, coupled with the large outer mirrors and missing rear head restraints provide excellent all-round visibility. In General, the interior was spacious, comfortable and neat. In a complete set of car Lada 1118 Kalina additional installation of an air conditioning system with manual or automatic control; anti-lock braking system; электрообогреваемые upholstery of seats; электроблокировка door locks with remote control; electric power steering. History of creation The development of the car AVTOVAZ started in 1993. In 1998, the car has received the name of the Lada Kalina. Prototypes were demonstrated in 1999 - hatchback and in 2000 - sedan. Really VAS designers work in many directions. Therefore, cars, such Lada Kalina, appeared on AVTOVAZ and earlier. But the car, as it can be seen now, in which are combined and smooth shape design, and style of "high tech". on August 7, 2000, was signed the order "On technical re-equipment of the plant in connection with the preparation of the production of a new family of cars VAZ-1118". To the order of applying the schedule of preparation of production. And only after that, the constructors have received the task to develop the family of these vehicles, where it has been Clearly described, what should be the new Lada Kalina. In 2001 agreed on a design project. In 2002, it was approved and registered by the name of the new model of AVTOVAZ. Worldwide the period of preparation and mastering of production of cars lasts mostly three - four years. Some of the company set a goal - to master the production of the car on the Assembly line for three years. Some manufacturers have reduced the term of up to two years. AVTOVAZ placed on the conveyor of car Lada Kalina less than four years, that corresponds to the world level. And, of course, for the development and industrial development of the car Kalina less than the previous models. The development of a guelder-rose has enabled the reduction of modern technologies. Firstly, the designers have used Computer modeling. Secondly, passed on to detail the nodal structure of the car. Thirdly, introduced an electronic system design specifications. As a result of Engineers has become much easier to work with, it is easier to interact with designers, technologists and production workers. Used in the Lada project Kalinaтехнологии computer simulations have allowed to reduce the time and volume of testing. The results of some tests gave the assurance that Kalina will withstand the certification tests. In addition, new methods of designing hereinafter ensure the high quality of manufacture of the vehicle, because the equipment is configured on mathematical models, the e-documents. After the basic elements of the design of the Lada Kalina were created prototypes did on the test. In the light of technical tasks and the legal requirements of the test evaluated the cars on more than 130 parameters for compliance with approximately 300 international and Russian road standards. Testers noted that thanks to the new level of design of cars Lada Kalina demanded a relatively small amount of improvement works. The equipment of the Directorate of technical development of "AVTOVAZ" allows to carry out practically the entire complex of tests regardless of the weather conditions. Basically, all the tests and finishing works on the project Lada Kalina were carried out on the basis of laboratories of the scientific-technical center of AVTOVAZ and the complex of test roads. In special laboratories tested aerodynamics of the vehicle, the system of heating and ventilation, cooling system of the engine, vibro-acoustic parameters, electromagnetic compatibility and other features. Aerodynamic tests on the project "Lada Kalina" began with the test cars-analogues: Opel Corsa Swing, the Toyota Starlet, Fiat Bravo. Have been identified OAO «AVTOVAZ» actual coefficients of aerodynamic resistance for a car of this class (they were in a range of 0.37 - 0,39) and predicted changes in their values based on upgrades for a few years ahead.As a result of the work on the model of car Lada Kalina in the scale of 1:4 we have managed to reduce the coefficient of aerodynamic resistance at 10 %. In the design documentation have been adjusted in height and geometry of the trunk lid, back wings, the lamps, the rear bumper, the geometry of the back edge of the bonnet, the lower edge of the front bumper, mirrors and брызговику engine. All this is realized in the basic version of Lada Kalina, and in the bundling "Lux" added aerodynamic guards in front of the front and rear wheels, the extension of the trunk lid. When testing the layout of Lada Kalina in the scale of 1:1 coefficient of aerodynamic resistance has been reduced by 12 %. As a result of the re aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicles of the Kalina is at the level of foreign analogues. sedan Lada Kalina in the bundling "norm" CX=0,378; sedan Lada Kalina in the bundling "Lux" CX=0,347. Experience in the implementation of standards of passive safety R-94, R-95 for cars of family LADA 2110 was applied and received further development in the implementation of the project Lada Kalina. Thus, 12 % of parts from the weight of the body are made of high-tensile steels, which has significantly improved the performance of Lada Kalina on passive safety compared with other domestic cars. They also have a large margin of dynamic and fatigue strength. That is, they are to withstand a large deformations without breaks and destruction, which increases the energy intensity of the body upon impact. All of shock tests were carried out on certificated complex, situated on the test track AVTOVAZ. It used specialized dummies, which are equipped with sensors to determine the extent of injury (criteria are regulated by the Rules of the UNECE). Along with the criteria of injury dummies, certain requirements apply also to the behavior of the elements of the car - the movement of the steering wheel, pedals, pillars, the number of spills of fuel, etc. All development tests of the car Lada Kalina on passive safety have been completed with a positive result and with sufficient margin for major indicators. Available in the scientific-technical center of AVTOVAZ equipment in combination with highly qualified specialists allows to perform very complicated test with a great degree of accuracy. Therefore, AVTOVAZ often received orders for such work from foreign automakers. A considerable part of the work of Lada Kalina held testers-дорожниками. To optimize the structure of a number of systems of Lada Kalina were tested on the roads of автополигона with periodic on-site visits to the US. It was tested a large number of options suspension with different combinations of the characteristics (springs of varying rigidity of shock-absorbers with different characteristics compression and rebound, different front and rear stabilizer of transverse stability, etc.), and for today the goal is achieved. One of the examples of new design solutions - for the first time on cars LADA will be applied conical spring front suspension. The tests were conducted in the Northern, southern and mountainous regions of Russia. All the difficulties of the car passed successfully. Their reliability of Lada Kalina confirmed and in the rally "Our brand", which was organized by the magazine "za rulem". 's new without any problems travelled from Moscow to Vladivostok (about 11 thousand kilometers). The method of expert evaluation of the car - this is the "aerobatics" in the trials. This work is based on the experience of highly skilled specialists, the estimation of machines is carried out subjectively, without the use of a measuring apparatus. Often not the tool of measurement, and it is the opinion of the experts is final and conclusive, since the test takes into account all the nuances that affect consumer feelings. With the development of methods of expert testing used the experience of a number of foreign companies, as well as domestic scientific research institutions. Taken into account and the features of the operation of cars in the Russian conditions. Expert testing is a serious, very time-consuming process. The expert group is composed of only highly skilled specialists. Their assessment is subjective, but the method allows to filter out the opinion that arose under the influence of "the human factor" - a bad mood or something else. 's technique of testing, the level of qualification of experts recognized by many foreign enterprises. Over the past few years carried out the work on orders of such companies as "Fiat", "Opel", "General motors", "Michelin", "continental", "Bridgestone". As for the expert evaluation of the Lada Kalina, the car has reached the set of project indicators on the drivers characteristics, the comfort of the landing, acoustic, climatic comfort on dynamic characteristics, the sustainability of - manageability and other consumer properties. Lada Kalina completely suitable for the operating conditions, which is now the majority of vehicles: city, suburban, occasionally travel to another locality. In the car with the comfort of the accommodated five people. The volume of the tailgate is large enough. The optimal combination of clearance and short front and rear of eaves promotes good passability of the vehicle. Due to the fact that during the formation of Lada Kalina applied new technologies of design and great experience of developers, according to the results of tests of Lada Kalina required a relatively small amount of improvement works. A number of decisions, which are applied in the Lada Kalina, will be used in other models of AVTOVAZ, for example, in the LADA PRIORA. Even before the completion of the complex of tests in may, 2004, began development of the technology of Assembly of cars in experimental-industrial production of AVTOVAZ. One of the main principles of the Assembly of pilot samples of cars Lada Kalina was strict observance of technological sequence. And although fully appreciate the progressive technology of Assembly of the new model is only possible on the plant site, already then it became clear that the advanced methods ensure the high quality of the products.At the same time with working off of technology of production of the car used by the auto components, which will be in it applied. In each of the pilot car was used more detail, made in accordance with the basic technology than in the previous sample. Preparation of production of cars Lada Kalina was the task of the plant material, and she was solved in close cooperation of all departments of AVTOVAZ. In the framework of this work in the experimental-industrial production carried out preparation of specialists of the Assembly and the list of matching, which was to collect cars Lada Kalina at the new line. Production of pilot batches of vehicles Kalina has also been used for the evaluation of the colors, specially developed for the new model. All the cars were painted in different colors. Most of the specimens went to the various tests. Some of the cars as an exhibition of copies took part in Russian and international showrooms. Prior to the beginning of serial production was raised a few tens of pilot cars Lada Kalina . In 2006, he was presented a prototype Lada Kalina GTi, also called Lada Kalina R2. Technical characteristics VAZ-1118 - five seater car with a front engine, front wheel drive and all-metal welded body-bearing structures. Lada Kalina meets the requirements on passive safety. Front and rear bumpers are made of impact-resistant polypropylene, which provides the energy absorption of the shock of a collision. In the front part of the body under the instrument panel has a transverse beam. The Central rack, roof and thresholds have reinforced structure. In all the doors for additional rigidity are metal bars. Russian models never been famous for an abundance of complete sets and a wide variety of engines. «Kalina» as long as no changes tradition: one package, the only motor. However, two of the body - to the saloon VAZ-11183 joins hatchback VAZ-11193. Пятидверные machine went on line at the end of the summer. New technologies and equipment, purchased for the release of Kalina, have been able to eliminate many of the defects of the Assembly predecessors. There's no obvious distortions body panels, and the gaps between them, and let not jealous small, but steady. Carefully looks and the interior - in the long run nothing to complain about, if not to count the little things, for example, облой on the edges of some plastic parts or vaguely-closing cover the glove box. Not покривлю soul, if I say that the landing in «Kalina» is one of the most convenient among domestic models. Here comfortable house and a man with modest dimensions, and the big longitudinal adjustment of the seat long, a step between fixed the provisions of small, and up to the high ceiling of the top of the reach is not easy. Put a plus can be and for visibility - front Desk does not interfere with the maneuvers, and large mirrors allow not to turn his head at the formations. Together on the back of the safe. Even if you put a third, all the rest with comfort. For its class - very good result. Only out of the awkward - legs hurt for отштамповку under the rear seat. Spacious not only salon - for cargoes carried many as 400 l. Of course, talking about a sedan - in хэтчбеке the trunk of almost one and a half times more modest. But when laid back seat here fit washing machine or a small fridge, to the same convenient to load cargo in large opening. In the corners of the trunk are the special lugs to fix the load. In the basic equipment includes electric power steering, which greatly facilitates the operation of the car. For greater convenience and security there are additional options: airbags for driver and passenger seatbelt pre-tensioners, anti-lock brakes, air conditioning, fog lights, exterior mirrors, heated front seats. The car is equipped with four-cylinder, in-line, four-cycle gas, восьмиклапанным engine VAZ-21114-50 the working volume of 1,6 litres with distributed injection and electronic control. All cars is set catalytic Converter of the exhaust gases, which allows to provide modern standards of the toxicity of exhaust gases of Euro-2 and Euro-3 depending on configuration. Clutch - single-disk, dry, with a Central spring диафрагмен-ноготипа. Is located in the aluminum crankcase, constructively combined with the gearbox and attached to the engine block.Elements of the mechanism of the drive clutch: 1 - clutch housing; 2 - guide bushing bearing clutch; 3 - bearing clutch with cover Assembly; 4 - plug clutch; 5 - dust cover; 6 - spring bracket bearing Housing clutch connected six bolts with flywheel of engine. In the flywheel there are three pins, which when installing the clutch included in the corresponding holes of the enclosure, центрируя it. Three pairs of elastic steel plates cover connected with a push (master) drive. This node (also called basket clutch) in the collection are teetering on the stand, so replace the whole. Replacement of basket is necessary if the ring is worn petals compression spring at a depth of more than 0.8 mm, as well as with a large surface wear plate or «draft» of the spring. Gearbox : mechanical, двухвальная, with five gears forward and one rear, with synchronizers on all transfers of the forward. She constructively combined with differential and the main transmission. The gear housing consists of three parts (cast aluminum alloy): Carter clutch 25, gear housing 7 and back cover of the gear housing 1 (see Fig.). When building between them cause бензомаслостойкий sealant-spacer {for example, КЛТ-75ТМ or TB-1215). In the nest Carter clutch is a special magnet that delays the metal products of wear. In the gearbox at the factory, pour oil, calculated on 75000 km. The oil level should be between the reference marks on the oil level gauge. Drive wheel consists of two joints of equal angular velocity (LUPYC), connected by a shaft. Shafts are not interchangeable: the left is made of a steel bar and shorter than the right, which is made of pipes. Connection shafts with joints - splined, of the axial movement of the shaft is fixed in the joints spirited and locking rings. Spline shaft of the exterior of the hinge is connected to the hub and loose nut bearing, and the internal - with gear drive in the box differential and fixed the locking ring. The basis of suspension - telescopic hydraulic амортизаторная Desk. Its lower part is connected with rotary punch two bolts. The top bolt, passing through an opening bracket rack, has a quick release belt and эксцентриковую washer. Turn the bolt is regulated by the camber angle of the front wheels. The telescopic rack set screw conical spring, foam buffer compression stroke, as well as the upper support of the rack Assembly from the bearing. The upper support secured three self-locking nuts for a Cup splash shield of the body. Its design differs significantly from the design of the towers, used in cars of VAZ-2108-2110. Now instead of запрессованного thrust bearing set steel hub, привул-канизированная to the array of support, which allowed to exclude clearances and other sounds. Used in the car thrust ball bearing has a larger diameter and different design and is located between the upper support and spring. Under the weight of the front of the vehicle bearing is in the compressed, which allows to eliminate all the gaps and knock. The contact area of balls of the raceways has increased significantly, and consequently, increased and durability of the bearing. In the new design with the rotation of the wheels spinning rack enclosure together with the spring. When the rod of the shock absorber remains stationary and the connection of the rod with the sleeve of the shock wears out less. In the Cabinet rack mounted telescopic hydraulic shock absorber. The rear suspension - Americana, with screw cylindrical springs and hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers of bilateral actions. The main load-carrying element suspension beam with welded to it through усилитители longitudinal levers. Inside the beam passes rod stabilizer of transverse stability, the ends of which are welded to the levers. To the levers of suspension welded bracket with the holes for the attachment of shock absorbers and flanges for mounting axis on the rear wheels and shields of the brake system. In front of the levers are fitted with welded sockets with запрессованными in them silent-blocks. Through the Central hub silent-block passes bolt connecting the lever with the bracket. Steering - травмобез-dangerous, with электроусилителем and height-adjustable (tilt) of the steering column. Steering - rack and pinion type with variable gear ratio. It is embodied in the engine compartment on the dash panel of the body two staples through the rubber feet. Bolts - welded, two on each side of the front panel. Carter steering - casting of aluminum alloy. On the right side of the Carter inserted a tube with a longitudinal groove, set out in the crankcase of the nut. In the crankcase is set helical pinion (shaft-pinion), which is engaged in with lath. On the rail cut oblique teeth with a variable step (closer to the ends of the cut part of the rack tooth pitch is reduced). To reduce the loads on the shaft-pinion and his bearings in the extreme operating conditions in the Carter inserted the plastic hub gears with metal supporting plate. Shaft-pinion rotates on two bearings: front (at the end of the shaft) - pin, rear (closer to the shaft of the steering column) - ball. As in косозубом engaged axial loads can be high, on the shaft of the gear extra set of thrust rolling bearing, consisting of a plastic separator with the rollers, and the lower (internal) and the top (outer) of the rings. The lower ring of the bearing напрессовано on the shaft of the gear until it stops in the inner ring ball bearings, and the upper - installed in the lid of the housing. The operational characteristics
of the VAZ 1118  Maximum speed: 170 km/h Time of acceleration up to 100 km/h: 12.9 c Fuel consumption per 100 km in the city: 9.8 l Volume: 50 l tank Curb vehicle weight: 1080 kg Tire size: 175/70 R13 The characteristics of the engine Рапсоложение: front, transverse The volume of the engine: 1596 cm3 Motor output: 80 HP. The number of revolutions: 5200 Torque: 120/2700 n*m Power system: direct injection Turbo: no Gas distribution mechanism: no Cylinder location: Inline Number of cylinders: 4 The number of valves per cylinder: 2 Recommended fuel: AI-95 Brake system Front brakes: Disc Rear brakes: Drum Steering The type of steering control: a Gear rack Power steering: electric power Transmission Drive: Front The number of transmissions: manual gearbox - 5 Suspension Front suspension: Depreciation Desk Rear suspension: Longitudinal lever The body of the Body type: sedan Number of doors: 4 Number of seats: 5 Machine length: 4040 mm Machine width: 1670 mm Height of the machine: 1500 mm Track front: 1430 mm Track back: 1410 mm Ground clearance (clearance): 160 mm Luggage compartment volume: 400 l Sources:
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