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 VAZ-2101 «Zhiguli» VAZ-2101 «Zhiguli» - the Soviet sky rear passenger car with a body type sedan. The first model, released on the Volga automobile plant. On the basis of VAZ-2101 was created the so-called «classical» family cars VAZ, located on the conveyor to the present time. For production of this model in may 1972, the Volga automobile plant was awarded the international prize «Golden mercury». In 2000, VAZ-2101 was named the " best domestic automobile XX century according to the results of the all-Russia survey conducted by the magazine «za rulem». For all the time of production (from 1970 to 1988) of the Volga automobile plant has given life to 4.85 million cars VAZ-2101 all modifications of the saloon. History of creation on August 16, 1966, in Moscow there was signed the General agreement between the Italian company FIAT and the Soviet Внешторгом on scientific-technical cooperation in the field of development of passenger cars. In its framework was approved by the project of construction of the automobile plant on the territory of the USSR. This agreement was determined and the models themselves: two cars in the bundling «norm» with bodies of sedan cars (VAZ-2101) and universal (VAZ-2102), and the car «Lux» (VAZ-2103). As a prototype for the «norm» at once was determined Fiat 124, received в1967 year the title of «Car of the year». In the summer of 1966 was held the first meeting of national experts with the Italian car. In the course of the tests on our roads the cars were revealed serious problems with the durability of the body and rear disc brakes. A small ground clearance and a lack of towing made problematic the exploitation of the cars on the road. Dissatisfaction with Soviet engineers caused as нижневальный engine - absolutely unpromising from the point of view of further development of the design. All comments of our experts have been taken into account by the Italian designers. Not less serious changes were chassis and transmission. In the end, VAZ-2101 was different from the Fiat 124 brakes (appeared from behind the rotary mechanisms, quietly carrying the bad roads), suspension (front was increased, the back is a complete replacement by more modern with five rocket-propelled booms instead of reactive tube), cardan transmission (introduced outdoor shaft with the intermediate support), reinforced clutch, and further construction of synchronizers in the PPC. Even in terms of comfort VAZ-2101 was better than its prototype due to the possibility of the transformation of the seats in the full-fledged sleeping places, which subsequently appreciated by thousands of owners. Interestingly, some of the innovations were applied in the «zero the first» with the purpose of unification with the luxury model of Fiat 124S (VAZ-2103). In the first place, that are safe exterior door handles. Also VAZ-2101 received the outside rearview mirror. In total in the design of the Fiat 124 was made more than 800 changes, after which he received the title of Fiat 124R. «Russification» Fiat 124 proved to be extremely useful and for the firm FIAT, has accumulated unique information about the reliability of their machines in extreme operating conditions.The first six cars VAZ-2101 was gathered on April 19, 1970, the rhythmic work of the main pipeline began in August. Up to the end of the year in Togliatti gathered 21 530 «ones», in 1971, this number increased up to 172 175 cars, and the peak of the issue of VAZ-2101 was in 1973, when it was collected 379 007 copies. The design capacity of the plant is in 1974. The origin of the name Normal 1966 It should be noted that really VAS first-borns were the first Russian cars, for which was applied a new industry document is normal HE 025270-66, the regulatory system of classification and marking of rolling stock: each new model of the car or the trailer is index, consisting of four numbers, where the first two digits indicate the class of the vehicle (trailer) and its purpose. The second two digits of the model. The modification of the models have an additional fifth digit serial number of the modification. The sixth number - the kind of performance: 1 - for the cold climate, 6 - export version for the moderate climate, 7 - export version for the tropical climate, 8 and 9 - reserve for other export modifications. Some machines have a designation in the dash prefix 01, 02, 03, etc., indicating that the model or modification is in transition or has additional features. Before the digital index is usually put the letters of the plant, разрабатывавшего or producing this model. For example, the index of the car VAZ-21011 is deciphered as follows: VAZ - manufacturer: Volzhsky automobile plant; 21 - small car with the engine from 1200 to 1800 cm3; 01 - the first model, registered in this class; 1 - the first modification of the base vehicle, is characterized by the installation of another engine, in this case, the volume of 1300 cm3. «Zhiguli» There is an opinion, that the name of the «Zhiguli» was born thanks to the tender announced by the magazine «Behind the wheel» in August 1968. However, according to the testimonies of veterans of the WHA, the name of the «Zhiguli», proposed by the designer of A. M. Black, was approved by the Director of the plant In. Mr.. Polyakov still in the beginning of 1967. Then it was offered to FIAT for the development of the decorative inscription to the rear of the body.The people of the VAZ-2101 in different times stuck two nicknames: the first - «edinichka», and already in the end of the 1980s, when the model no longer considered to be prestigious, - «Kopeika». Evaluation of machine Much of the Soviet of car owners VAZ-2101 was for the first time. A high degree of testing the design and quality of manufacture of the vehicle allowed to exploit it without compliance with excessive precautions in the initial period of operation. Restrictions only related to traffic at maximum speeds during the break-in of the car. It was thanks to «Жигулям» motorists found out that in the малолитражке at high speed, you can talk without raising his voice; that the severe winter in the car can be warm like home; that without tiring you can cover almost twice as large distances than on other domestic cars. VAZ-2101 demonstrated our motorists, how simple it may be winter starting the engine. When the owners of passenger cars of other brands were forced to go for buckets with hot water and torch lamps, the driver of «Zhiguli» is often treated without the aid of the winding handle. The great merit in that belonged to the двухкамерному carburetor ДААЗ-2101 (Weber 32 DCR), more perfect, than the Soviet analogues of the time. Not without reason after a few years of domestic variations of the «Weber» has become serially equipped with the products of AZLK and «Izhmash». However, the «Zhiguli» carburetors started to appear under the hoods «Muscovites» and even «Volga» where earlier efforts of the owners themselves, the weary fight to the whims and behavior of the staff units of K-126. Speaking about the engine VAZ-2101, will not be an exaggeration to say that in his time he had the highest litre capacity among all Soviet cars. In combination with a reliable four-speed gearbox on the «one» can be with confidence to overcome the serpentine road with lengthy UPS and downs. It should be noted this innovation, as the cooling system of the closed type, designed for use only antifreeze. First Soviet passenger cars did not have the surge tank, and their radiators often filled plain water, which in winter time it was necessary to merge in front of each Parking lot - this procedure was considered to be quite commonplace. Only on the VAZ-2101 appeared for the first time high-quality plastic materials in the interior, which is not afraid of the impact of direct sunlight. Summing up all the above said we can say that the first cars of the VAZ to us in the country came to new technologies and new materials, through which the whole industry (and not only the automotive) has made a huge step forward. Technical
characteristics Dimensions, mm length x width x height 4073x1611x1440 base 2424 The layout of the front engine the drive wheels rear The body sedan Maximum speed, km/h 142 Engine VAZ-2101, gasoline, carburetor, in-line the number of cylinders 4 working volume of 1198 cm3 number of valves 8 the location of the upper power, kW/HP 64/47 at 5600 rpm (in the 1970s indicated 62 PS). A four-step gearbox Suspension front independent, spring rear axle, spring Brakes hydraulic front disc rear drum Electrical Equipment 12 In Tire size 6.15-13 Modification Mass: VAZ-2101 - the original version, the engine 1.2 l.; VAZ-21011 - the so-called «the eleventh» - the main changes occurred in the modification of body, salon which received more than comfortable in the form of the front seats and some slightly modified management bodies, as well as ashtrays, from the rear armrests transferred directly to the panel of the door. In addition to this modification was more powerful 69-strong engine working volume of 1.3 l. These cars are equipped with different radiator grille with more frequent horizontal cross members, at the bottom of the front there have been four additional ventilation slots. Bumpers lost the «fangs» and received in return for the perimeter of the rubber pads. The counters of the body VAZ-21011 rear steel have holes special exhaust ventilation, which covered the original array, stop lamps and direction indicator lamps were reflectors. The car began to rear.VAZ-21013 " differs from a VAZ-21011 engine VAZ-2101 lower power (1.2 litre displacement); VAZ-21016 - body VAZ-2101 with 1.3 l engine VAZ-21011 Праворульные: For export to countries with left-hand traffic Volga car plant mastered the production of the two versions of «Zhiguli» - VAZ-21012 and VAZ-21014 (on the basis of VAZ-2101, VAZ-21011). They were reinforced spring suspension of the right front wheel, as when moving the controls on the right side of the distribution of weight of the machine was uneven. Малосерийные: VAZ-21018 - rotary engine VAZ-311 (1 cell) , 70 HP. VAZ-21019 - rotary engine VAZ-411 (2 part) , 140 h.p.; VAZ-2101 pickup - as it was accepted in the USSR, on the VAZ was practiced by modifying the defective body of «Zhiguli» in pickup trucks, which were then used for their own needs as within the plant, as well as beyond its borders. The machines simply cut off the rear part of the roof, behind the front seats mounted a new rear wall of the cab, and to increase the rigidity of useless rear door openings заваривались. Load-carrying capacity of these trucks was 250-300 kg. Export version of the car was called Lada 1200. More than 57 thousand cars were sent to the countries of Socialist Commonwealth, the GDR, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary and Yugoslavia. Soon the «Lada» appeared on the roads of Germany, France, great Britain, Austria, Switzerland, Egypt and Nigeria. Manufacture of the car VAZ-21011 was stopped in 1982, and a VAZ-2101 ceased to produce in 1983. Then we started to produce only a modification of VAZ-21013, the production of which was completed only in 1988. On the basis of VAZ-2101 was also created universal VAZ-2102. The car VAZ-2101 was the ancestor of the whole family of machines, called «classic.» In Cuba almost on a semi-industrial scale are produced «cars» VAZ-2101, widely used as fixed-route taxi. Achievements in sport Sports success of «Zhiguli» was already laid in the engine with the shaft in the cylinder head. It turned out that the motor is perfectly amenable to field forcing - Soviet racers have received an excellent opportunity for construction of sports cars. The debut of VAZ-2101 in the sporting arena took place at the beginning of 1971 in Riga in the team championship of the winter championship of the USSR rally championship. Then - USSR championship покольцевым racing, where тольяттинские machines even be moved to a separate class of «Zhiguli». And already in the autumn of the same year, the cars VAZ-2101 took part in the international competitions: the three Soviet crew started in a marathon Tour of Europe-71». The route of the rally laid on the territory of 14 countries of Western and Eastern Europe (including the territory of the USSR), and the total length of the distance reached 14 thousand kilometers. According to the results of the tour the team of VAZ-Автоэкспорт won the «Silver Cup» in the team classification, and the crews Гирдаускас-Мадревиц and Lukyanov-Karamyshev to the same merit and awards in the individual competition. The regularity of this fact was brilliantly confirmed by the later «Tour Europe-73», where the teams, acting at a VAZ-2101, and got the gold and silver cups at once.VAZ-2101 in a racing car was popular not only in the USSR. The British, for example, in the 80-ies organized a special rally championship Lada Challenge. Subsequently, the «zero-first» for many years not descended from trails as domestic Soviet and international competitions, and in Amateur rally VAZ-2101 sometimes and today. The Conquest Of Нюрбургринга The car VAZ-2101 «Zhiguli» of the 1971 issue prepared by a team of city Motorsport team to compete in the race of historical cars held at the prestigious track Nurburgring October 1, 2004. Competitors «edinichki» became racing legends of the past years: the Jaguar E-type, Lotus Elan, BMW 2002TI, Alfa Romeo Sprint GT, Ford Mustang and, of course, Porsche models of Porsche 356 and Porsche 911. Only fifty collection of machines. «Edinichka» was launched in the beginning of the third dozens of in accordance with the result of qualifications, which took place in the rain. The first circles was not easy - in dry conditions rivals on more powerful machines, one after another round of «Zhiguli». Team city Motorsport team to seem, that the race is already lost, most importantly, to reach the finish line. But suddenly the rain came down, and the power has ceased to play a decisive role. The crew began to reclaim the position after position. At first evaded the leader of the set-off of cars of the issue from 1966 to 1971 the first year (German League of historic racing takes place in several stages) - blue Alfa Romeo, speaking in a class of up to 1600 cm3. It should be noted that this car is already in those years, stepped down from the factory conveyor with двухвальным engine and twin carburetor Weber. And then «edinichka» became one after the other, overtake the Jaguar and Porsche! Finished the crew of VAZ-2101 at the thirtieth position and on the first place in the classroom. In 2010 «edinichka» has again come out to the track. At this time the team of Mikhail Gorbachev took part in the competition FHR Historischer Langstrecken Cup, held in the full version of the Nurburgring. The fact is that on the Northern loop from 1953 to 1983-th years there has been a prestigious international race to 1000 km. In them participated cars of well-known world producers. Soviet cars among them, never had. Today this is possible, because the Germans have revived the legendary race for historical cars.Getting the car to start was carried out with the support of the company Rossauto. Modify the body according to the rules of Group 1 are forbidden, so the white «edinichka» looks even more standard equipment than silver, who participated in the race, 2004. Suspension remained the standard - established the only shock absorbers Koni Sport. The engine has undergone serious changes. It squandered to 1300 cm3, established sports bedroom and two twin carburetor Weber 40 DCOE. Theoretically, it is in such bundling machine could be involved in the international races in the beginning of the seventies. The main rivals «edinichki» were cars with engine capacity up to 1300 cm3, issued since 1965 till 1971-th years. The crew were presented by Andrew Oleinikov, journalist and driving instructors Dmitry Sokolov and perfectly knows the treacherous route Alexey Mochanov. In difficult weather conditions proved itself and the machine, which is well-managed, and athletes who do not have committed a serious error. Of the contingent classmates Russian-Ukrainian crew of the lost only racers at the NSU. The principal competitors for the Ford Escort 1300GT showed the best average speed of the circle, but at the finish were behind. All VAZ-2101 was in the race 7 hours and 6 minutes, having spent more than 200 litres of fuel on each circle three times speeding up to speed in a 180 km/h (at 7500 rpm) and in the end, led by Andrei Олейниковым, saw the finish flag! Of foreigners in the team in the asset of the fourth outcome, and 56-th in the absolute. The whole territory of 70 vehicles, so that in the overall standings «edinichka» come round some of the crews of the Porsche and BMW. Never before in its long sports life of VAZ-2101 was not continuously in the race the whole 7 hours. Sources
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